Publications

Peer-reviewed articles

Carpenter, Morgan. 2024. ‘Is It Ever OK to Reclassify Someone out of Their Birth-Observed Sex without Personal Consent? How Do We Manage Competing Methods of Classifying Sex?’ American Journal of Bioethics 24 (11): 18-20. doi:10.1080/15265161.2024.2399853.

Ussher, Jane M, Morgan Carpenter, Rosalie Power, Samantha Ryan, Kimberley Allison, Bonnie Hart, Alexandra Hawkey, and Janette Perz. 2024. ‘“I’ve Had Constant Fears That I’ll Get Cancer”: The Construction and Experience of Medical Intervention on Intersex Bodies to Reduce Cancer Risk’. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being 19 (1): 2356924. doi:10.1080/17482631.2024.2356924.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2024. ‘From Harmful Practices and Instrumentalisation, towards Legislative Protections and Community-Owned Healthcare Services: The Context and Goals of the Intersex Movement in Australia’. Social Sciences 13 (4): 191. doi:10.3390/socsci13040191.

Carpenter, Morgan, Cynthia Kraus, and Brian D. Earp. 2024. ‘Reply to Hadidi’. Journal of Pediatric Urology 20 (3): 435-436. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.02.015.

Carpenter, Morgan, Cynthia Kraus, and Brian D. Earp. 2024. ‘“Should We Correct Hypospadias during Childhood?” A Question of Facts and Values’. Journal of Pediatric Urology 20 (3): 432-433. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.01.025.

Modra, Lucy J., Alisa M. Higgins, David V. Pilcher, Ada S. Cheung, Morgan N. Carpenter, Michael Bailey, Sav Zwickl, and Rinaldo Bellomo. 2024. ‘Epidemiology of Intensive Care Patients Classified as a Third Sex in Australia and New Zealand’. CHEST 165 (5): 1120-1128. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.043.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2024. ‘Fixing Bodies and Shaping Narratives: Epistemic Injustice and the Responses of Medicine and Bioethics to Intersex Human Rights Demands’. Clinical Ethics. 19 (1): 3-17. doi:10.1177/14777509231180412

Carpenter, Morgan. 2023. ‘Protecting Intersex People from Harmful Practices in Medical Settings: A New Benchmark in the Australian Capital Territory’. Australian Journal of Human Rights 29 (2): 409-417. doi:10.1080/1323238X.2023.2247863

Carpenter, Morgan, Katharine Dalke, and Brian D. Earp. 2023. ‘Endosex’. Journal of Medical Ethics 2023 (49):225-226. doi:10.1136/medethics-2022-108317 – preprint

Monro, Surya, Morgan Carpenter, Daniela Crocetti, Georgiann Davis, Fae Garland, David Griffiths, Peter Hegarty, Mitchell Travis, Mauro Cabral Grinspan, and Peter Aggleton. 2021. ‘Intersex: Cultural and Social Perspectives’. Culture, Health & Sexuality 23 (4): 431-440. doi:10.1080/13691058.2021.1899529

Carpenter, Morgan. 2021. ‘Intersex Human Rights, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Sex Characteristics and the Yogyakarta Principles plus 10’. Culture, Health and Sexuality 23 (4): 516-532. doi:10.1080/13691058.2020.1781262

Earp, Brian D., Jonathan Lewis, Carl L. Hart, and Bioethicists and Allied Professionals for Drug Policy Reform. 2021. ‘Racial Justice Requires Ending the War on Drugs’. The American Journal of Bioethics 21 (4): 4-19. doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1861364

Carpenter, Morgan. 2020. ‘Caster Semenya’s Life and Achievements Are Cause for Celebration, Respect and Inclusion; Her Exclusion Is Consequential’. Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (9): 593-4. doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106506 – author manuscript

Carpenter, Morgan. 2020. ‘The OHCHR Background Note on Human Rights Violations against Intersex People’. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 28 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1080/26410397.2020.1731298

Carpenter, Morgan. 2020. ‘Intersex’. In Oxford Bibliographies in Sociology, edited by Lynette Spillman. New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199756384-0232

Karkazis, Katrina, and Morgan Carpenter. 2018. ‘Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport’. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15 (4): 579–87. doi:10.1007/s11673-018-9876-3

Carpenter, Morgan. 2018. ‘The “Normalization” of Intersex Bodies and “Othering” of Intersex Identities in Australia’. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15 (4): 487–95. doi:10.1007/s11673-018-9855-8 This is a summary version of the book chapter with a similar name.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2018. ‘Intersex Variations, Human Rights, and the International Classification of Diseases’. Health and Human Rights 20 (2): 205–14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6293350/

Carpenter, Morgan. 2016. ‘The Human Rights of Intersex People: Addressing Harmful Practices and Rhetoric of Change’. Reproductive Health Matters 24 (47): 74–84. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2016.06.003

Books, monographs and book chapters

Monro, Surya, Adeline Berry, Morgan Carpenter, Daniela Crocetti, and Sean Saifa Wall. 2025. Intersex, Variations of Sex Characteristics, DSD: Critical Approaches. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Intersex-Variations-of-Sex-Characteristics-DSD-Critical-approaches/Monro-Berry-Carpenter-Crocetti-Wall/p/book/9781032113791.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2023. ‘Shaping Bodies and Shaping Narratives: Intersex People, Epistemic Injustice and Human Rights’. PhD thesis, Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/31944.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2023. ‘The Health and Human Rights of People with Intersex Variations’ in the Routledge Handbook on Sexuality, Health and Rights, 2nd edition, edited by Peter Aggleton, Richard Parker, Rob Cover, Christy Newman and Carmen Logie. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003278405-12

Carpenter, Morgan. 2022. ‘Ambivalent Attention and Indeterminate Outcomes: Constructing Intersex and DSD in Australian Data’. A paper developed in 2021 to inform the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. On the INIA project website – preprint

Carpenter, Morgan. 2022. ‘Intersex Human Rights in a Time of Instrumentalization and Backlash’. In Human Rights at the Intersections: Transformations through Addressing New Challenges, edited by Sofia Gruskin, Anthony Tirado Chase, Hussein Banai and Pardis Mahdavi. Bloomsbury. doi:10.5040/9781350268692.0029

Carpenter, Morgan, and Christopher Jordens. 2022. ‘When Bioethics Fails: Intersex, Epistemic Injustice and Advocacy’. In Interdisciplinary and Global Perspectives on Intersex, edited by Megan Walker. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91475-2_7 – preprint

Carpenter, Morgan. 2022. ‘Global Intersex, an Afterword: Global Medicine, Connected Communities, and Universal Human Rights’. In Interdisciplinary and Global Perspectives on Intersex, edited by Megan Walker. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91475-2_15 Preprint

Carpenter, Morgan. 2022. ‘Das Netz Entwirren – Entflechtung Der Komplexität Medizinischer Und Rechtlicher Ansätze Zur Existenz von Intergeschlechtlichen Menschen’ (‘Untangling the web – Disentangling the complexities of medical and legal approaches to the existence of intersex people’). In Inter*Pride. Vienna, Austria: w_orten & meer.

Carpenter, Morgan. 2021. ‘Health Needs of People with Intersex Variations’. General Practice Supervisors Australia. https://gpsupervisorsaustralia.org.au/product/lgbtqia-health-and-inclusive-healthcare-in-general-practice-an-introduction-to-teaching-and-learning/.

McNair, Ruth, Asiel Adan Sanchez, Clara Tuck Meng Soo, Morgan Carpenter, and Mark Hughes. 2021. ‘LGBTQIA+ Health and Inclusive Healthcare in General Practice An Introduction to Teaching and Learning’. General Practice Supervisors Australia. https://gpsupervisorsaustralia.org.au/product/lgbtqia-health-and-inclusive-healthcare-in-general-practice-an-introduction-to-teaching-and-learning/.

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘The “Normalisation” of Intersex Bodies and “Othering” of Intersex Identities’. In The Legal Status of Intersex Persons, edited by Jens Scherpe, Anatol Dutta, and Tobias Helms, 445–514. Cambridge, England: Intersentia, 2018. doi:10.1017/9781780687704.028 – download on this author site or via publisher

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Torn between Two Worldviews: Intersex People and Marriage Equality’. In Going Postal: More than ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, 42–47. Melbourne: Brow Books, 2018. https://www.theliftedbrow.com/going-postal-more-than-yes-or-no

Cabral Grinspan, Mauro, and Morgan Carpenter. ‘Gendering the Lens: Critical Reflections on Gender, Hospitality and Torture’. In Gender Perspectives on Torture: Law and Practice, 183–96. Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law, Washington College of Law, American University, 2018. https://www.wcl.american.edu/impact/initiatives-programs/center/documents/gender-perspectives-on-torture/

Carpenter, Morgan, and Dawn Hough. Employers’ Guide to Intersex Inclusion. Sydney, Australia: Pride in Diversity and Organisation Intersex International Australia Limited, 2014. https://ihra.org.au/employer

Carpenter, Morgan, and Nexus Research Co-operative. The Employment of People with Disabilities in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Dublin, Ireland: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; 1998. http://eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_files/pubdocs/1998/09/en/1/ef9809en.pdf

Invited articles

Carpenter, Morgan. 2018. ‘What Do Intersex People Need from Doctors?’ RANZCOG O&G Magazine 20 (4): 32–33. https://www.ogmagazine.org.au/20/4-20/what-do-intersex-people-need-from-doctors/

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Intersex Human Rights: Clinical Self-Regulation Has Failed’. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 26 October 2018. http://www.srhm.org/news/intersex-human-rights-clinical-self-regulation-has-failed/

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Intersex People: Not Invisible in Sport but Inadvertently Excluded’. Play by the Rules, 13 September 2018. https://www.playbytherules.net.au/resources/articles/intersex-inclusion

Collaborative statements

The Brussels Collaboration on Bodily Integrity. 2024. ‘Genital Modifications in Prepubescent Minors: When May Clinicians Ethically Proceed?’ The American Journal of Bioethics. In press: 1–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2353823.

Yogyakarta Principles. The Yogyakarta Principles Plus 10: Additional Principles and State Obligations on the Application of International Human Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Gender Expression and Sex Characteristics, to Complement the Yogyakarta Principles, 2017. http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/ Signatory and member of drafting committee.

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia, Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand, Organisation Intersex International Australia, Eve Black, Kylie Bond, Tony Briffa, Morgan Carpenter, et al. ‘Darlington Statement’. Sydney, New South Wales, March 2017. https://darlington.org.au/statement Participant.

Third international intersex forum. ‘Malta Declaration: Public Statement by the Third International Intersex Forum’. Floriana, Malta, 2 December 2013. http://intersexday.org/en/third-international-intersex-forum/ Participant.

Press articles

Carpenter, Morgan, Magda Rakita, and Bo Laurent. 10 January 2023. ‘Body Shaming Is Unacceptable, Even If Directed at Vile People. An Intersex Critique of “Small Dick Energy”’. Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2023/01/guest-post-body-shaming-is-unacceptable-even-if-directed-at-vile-people-an-intersex-critique-of-small-dick-energy/

Kennedy, Aileen, Alice de Jonge, and Morgan Carpenter. 15 June 2022. ‘ACT Releases Australian-First Draft Law to Protect Intersex Children from Irreversible Medical Harm’. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/act-releases-australian-first-draft-law-to-protect-intersex-children-from-irreversible-medical-harm-184566

Carpenter, Morgan, and Katrina Karkazis. 18 February 2021. ‘Women Athletes Subjected to “Sex Testing” Are Faced With Impossible Choices’. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/02/18/women-athletes-subjected-to-sex-testing-are-faced-with-impossible-choices-caster-semenya-world-athletics/

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Intersex Awareness Day: Thinking Outside the Box’. Archer Magazine, 26 October 2016. http://archermagazine.com.au/2016/10/intersex-awareness-day/

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Thinking Outside the Box’. Intersex Day, 26 October 2016. http://intersexday.org/en/thinking-outside-box-carpenter/

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Intersex-Related Research Must Have Direct Input from Intersex Community’. Star Observer. 21 October 2015. http://www.starobserver.com.au/opinion/intersex-related-research-must-have-direct-input-from-intersex-community/141997 Translated into Spanish as La investigación relacionada a la intersexualidad debe tener una contribución directa de la comunidad intersex. Translation by Laura Inter, Brújula Intersexual.

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Comment: “Curing” Intersex Is Damaging and Common’. SBS The Feed, 16 March 2015. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/03/16/comment-curing-intersex-damaging-and-common Translated into Spanish as Comentario: ‘Curar’ la intersexualidad es perjudicial y común. Translation by Laura Inter, Brújula Intersexual

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Intersex Explained and the Issues That Confront Us’. Star Observer. 13 March 2014. http://www.starobserver.com.au/opinion/soapbox-opinion/intersex-explained-and-the-issues-that-confront-us-2/120174

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘It’s Time to Defend Intersex Rights’. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 November 2013, sec. The Drum. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-15/carpenter-its-time-to-defend-intersex-rights/5093966

Carpenter, Morgan. ‘Australia Can Lead the Way for Intersex People’. The Guardian, 18 June 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/18/intersex-people-australia Translated into Dutch as Australië wegwijzer voor intersekse. Translation by Miriam van der Have, NNID.